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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">我与Lamp模式建站的恩怨情仇

              
            
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        <p>很久没有更新我的博客，前几天网站突然不能访问，在排查原因无果之后，决定初始化我的磁盘，重新搭建我的博客。我是个爱折腾的人，当然循规蹈矩地安装lamp搭建博客基本上驾轻就熟，这一次我决定解决上次建站遗留下来的几个坑：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>1.上次建站用的是centos自带的yum源，php5，apache2.4.6，以及mysql5，这一次我决定统一换成php7+mysql8。<br>2.网站https化。<br>3.让网站更加安全。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>物料：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>1.云服务器一台（centos系统）<br>2.Typecho博客最新稳定版安装包一个<br>3.手和脑子</p>
</blockquote>
<p>首先，更新系统好习惯</p>
<pre><code>sudo yum install update
sudo yum install upgrade
</code></pre><p>接下来，配置防火墙<br>我的感受就是：不要图省事直接关防火墙！虽然阿里云服务器防D防扫功能已经做得很好了，但是风险还是存在的。<br>开启防火墙服务： <code>systemctl start firewalld</code><br>查看防火墙状态： <code>systemctl status firewalld</code><br>开机启动：<code>systemctl enable firewall</code></p>
<p>Tips：systemctl的这三个指令在centos7+版本改变服务状态很有用，可以记一记。</p>
<p>接下来，进行Apache的安装<br>这里，我偷懒就直接yum install httpd了,这时候安装下来的是centos自带的apache2.4.6版本，不过，这里的省事也给我之后造成了不小的麻烦。</p>
<p>安装完成之后，我们开启apache服务</p>
<pre><code>service httpd start
</code></pre><p>查一波状态</p>
<pre><code>service httpd status
</code></pre><p>如果看到一个绿色的running小圆点，就说明服务搭建好了，这时候我们访问我们的公网ip，就能看见喜闻乐见的apache running 的页面了。</p>
<p>接下来，进行mysql的安装<br>没有直接yum install，而是去官网下载了mysql最新版的rpm源<br>然后执行rpm -ivh进行安装</p>
<p>然后它告诉你mysql的默认缺省密码的存储位置，我们直接cat拿到密码，然后</p>
<pre><code>mysql -u -root 
</code></pre><p>输入密码，然后重新为数据库设置新的密码。</p>
<p>完成后，我们新建一个名为typecho的数据库</p>
<pre><code>Create database typecho
</code></pre><p>然后使用grant privilege赋权<br>exit～</p>
<p>那么mysql服务就安装到这里。</p>
<p>接下来安装php<br>Yum源提供的php是5.7版本的，但是我选择去官方源下载php7的版本，这里安装方式不再赘述，网上一搜一大把。</p>
<p>下载typecho<br>去typecho官方网站wget下载最新稳定版安装包，tar解压，再把build文件夹里面的东西mv到/var/www/html 目录下。</p>
<p>这时候，访问公网ip，看到安装程序，一切正常。</p>
<p>我们的坑正式来了。</p>
<p>第一个坑：连不上数据库</p>
<p>数据库创建了，死活连不上，让你检查配置。<br>我们打开myql数据库</p>
<pre><code>use mysql;
select user,plugin from user ;
</code></pre><p>我们可以看到，列出来的用户里面，加密方式为caching_sha2_password<br>Typecho默认数据库连接不支持sha2加密方式，我们改为native加密模式</p>
<pre><code>ALTER USER &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY &#39;root&#39;;
</code></pre><p>然后修改密码</p>
<p>第一个坑顺利解决</p>
<p>安装完网站，进后台，进行各种设置，这时候，看到我们的域名<br><a href="http://wutongdeng.cn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://wutongdeng.cn</a><br>作为一名资深强迫症患者，chrome和火狐再给我丢一个不安全，就十分难受。<br>不用说，https化。<br>上次搭建因为mysql版本问题没能成功解决（一个很奇怪的报错条件）<br>开始。<br>我首先选择的是certbot，一个免费证书颁发网站（白嫖党上线）。<br>网站虽然是英文的，但是有点英语基础安装起来没有困难，况且每一步的安装命令都给了，我们ctrl c ctrl v就能解决（额好吧，linux应该shift insert）。抱着这种心态，一路配置下去，突然卡在了</p>
<pre><code>sudo yum install python2-certbot-apache
</code></pre><p>这一步上。<br>安装的过程始终报错，后来才发现是python版本冲突的问题，这时候我想都没想干了一件蠢哭自己的事情</p>
<pre><code>rpm -qa|grep python|xargs rpm -e --allmatches --nodeps
whereis python|xargs rm -fr
</code></pre><p>然后我们再<code>whereis python</code><br>没有回显，说明python卸载干净了，我们再高高兴兴地sudo yum install python2-certbot-apache<br>这时候，屏幕显示，yum不可用了。<br>网上一查，yum和python有千丝万缕的联系，删除了python，yum就不能正常使用。<br>喵喵喵？一个基于yum仓库，一个基于pip仓库，你俩怎么就有py关系了？<br>虽然不服，还是接受了事实，决定把yum和python都删得干干净净然后重新安装。<br>方法是去阿里云，163,以及ustc或者清华的镜像站去找rpm源，方式也是wget +rpm<br>有依赖关系的要放在一块儿安装。<br>恢复之后，sudo yum install python2-certbot-apache成功，然后接着</p>
<pre><code>yum-config-manager --enable rhui-REGION-rhel-server-extras rhui-REGION-rhel-server-optional
</code></pre><p>这时候，系统提示，找不到yum-config-manager。<br>网上找了大部分方法都没有解决这个问题，我干脆就直接把虚拟机上同版本的centos系统里的yum-config-manager拷贝过来。<br>再执行命令，成功。</p>
<p>然后<code>sudo certbot --apache</code></p>
<p>按照提示配置证书，这时候配置完了之后，又回显失败了。<br>排错了很久也没有找到原因（感觉可能和我卸载yum和pip重装有关系）</p>
<p>我再次投向了腾讯爸爸的怀抱。</p>
<p>登录腾讯云平台，申请ssl证书，按照它的步骤走，什么放密钥在根目录，十分清晰明了。<br>认证很快，邮件通知，然后到平台上下载你的证书文件<br>进入/etc/httpd/conf.d 修改ssl.conf文件，把里面证书文件的缺省名称换为你的证书文件的位置，并且正确放置证书。<br>重启apache服务，这时候我们可以看到网站已经能够https访问了，但是仍然能够以http的方式访问，显然不够完美。<br>我们修改/etc/httpd/conf 里面的http.conf 文件，把网站根目录的overwrite功能打开（网上大部分的教程都是rewrite，但我死活没有找到，可能apache的版本导致的）<br>这时候，我们利用rewrite功能在根目录写一个.htaccess文件<br>如下：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;IfModule mod_rewrite.c&gt;
Options +FollowSymlinks -Multiviews
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [L,E=PATH_INFO:$1]
&lt;/IfModule&gt;
</code></pre><p>文件会监听80端口，并且301重定向到https的网站，重启apache服务，输入http的域名，成功定向到https的域名。<br>至此，https化成功。</p>
<p>那么如何让你的博客更加安全呢？为此，我做了以下几个改变：<br>1.改变网站后台文件地址（名称需要非常复杂），并且设置ip白名单。<br>2.网站目录重命名，并且apache配置禁止访问<br>3.全站开启静态化。<br>4.伪造了一个假的admin页面，用于愚弄脚本小子们。（之后想进一步学习蜜罐陷阱的布置方法，也算是开了一个小头了吧。）</p>
<p>2019年1月14日<br>傍晚</p>

      
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